The Clinical Science examination includes a scoring component on the Treatment and Management of Ocular Disease (TMOD) exam. This embedded component consists of 90 of the 180 items in the section on Ocular Disease/Trauma. The resultant score is equivalent to that of the stand-alone TMOD examination.

The Clinical Science examination is targeted for students near the middle of their final professional year in a ACOE accredited school or college of optometry. Clinical Science is composed of six major subject areas, four of which parallel the four Basic Science subject areas. The subject areas and their relative emphases are shown below.

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A. Systemic Conditions - 70 Items (16%)	Number of Items**
1. General Health	5-9
2. Neurological System	3-5
3. Musculoskeletal System	1-3
4. Skin and Hair	1-3
5. Head and Neck	2-6
6. Hematopoietic System	2-4
7. Immunologic System	3-7
8. Cardiovascular System	4-10
9. Renal and Urogenital System	3-7
10. Gastrointestinal System	2-4
11. Liver and Biliary Tract	1-3
12. Endocrine/Metabolic System	5-9
13. Reproductive System	1-3
14. Respiratory System	4-10
15. Nutrition	1-3
16. Mental Illness and Behavioral Disorders	1-3
17. Infectious Diseases	3-5
18. Congenital/Hereditary Conditions	1-3
B. Ocular Disease/Trauma - 180 Items (41%)***	Number of Items**
1. Orbit, Adnexa, Lacrimal System	22-34
2. Cornea/External Disease	42-60
3. Glaucoma	20-30
4. Lens/Cataract	5-11
5. Uveitis, Sclera/Episclera	18-28
6. Retina/Vitreous	19-29
7. Neuro-Ophthalmic Disorders	16-26
C. Refractive/Oculomotor/Sensory Integrative Conditions 125 Items (29%)	Number of Items**
1. Anomalies of Refraction: Ametropia	21-27
2. Anomalies of Refraction: Presbyopia	8-10
3. Anomalies of Refraction: Aphakia, Pseudophakia, and Aniseikonia	5-9
4. Low Vision	10-14
5. Sensory Anomalies of Binocular Vision/Strabismus	16-20
6. Anomalies of Eye Movement	10-14
7. Anomalies of Accommodation and Accommodative Vergence	10-14
8. Refractive Correction Applications	28-34
D. Perceptual Conditions - 33 Items (8%)	Number of Items**
1. Anomalies of Child Development	10-14
2. Anomalies of the Aging Adult	10-14
3. Anomalies Secondary to Acquired Neurological Impairment	4-8
4. Anomalies of Color Vision (Inherited, Acquired)	2-4
E. Public Health - 15 Items (3%)	Number of Items **
1. Epidemiology	4-7
2. Biostatistics and Measurement	2-3
3. Environmental Vision	1-3
4. Health Care Policy and Administration	4-6
F. Legal and Ethical Issues - 12 Items (3%)	Number of Items **
1. Licensure and Governmental Regulation of Optometry	2-4
2. Standards of Professional Ethics	1-2
3. Doctor-Patient Relationship	3-6
4. Professional Liability	2-4
TOTAL	435

* On Clinical Science items, it is assumed that normative values for the following should be known by the candidate:

• Serum glucose: fasting and random
• Total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol
• Westergren sedimentation rate
• Vital signs (i.e., blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate, body temperature)

When data for any of the above are presented in a Clinical Science item, the data will be presented without any normative values in parentheses. However, when laboratory data other than those mentioned above are presented in a Clinical Science item, the data will be accompanied by normative values in parentheses.

** The number of items indicates that actual number for each of the six major subject areas, and a range for each content area within a subject. The range specifies the minimum and maximum number of items in each content area that will be administered on the test. The percentage of items indicates the actual percentage for each of the six major subject areas, rounded to the nearest integer.

*** Candidates will receive a subscore that is equivalent to a performance score on the stand-alone Treatment and Management of Ocular disease (TMOD) examination required by over 40 states for therapeutic privileges. This subscore is based on 90 treatment/management items embedded within the Ocular Disease/Trauma section. There is no need for a candidate who passes the TMOD exam embedded in Clinical Science to take the stand-alone TMOD examination unless specifically required by the state board(s) of the state(s) to which the candidate plans to apply for licensure. The content of the equivalent embedded and stand-alone TMOD tests includes the use of both topical and oral medications for the treatment of ocular diseases, and requires knowledge of the interaction between ocular and systemic systems.